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Cara Menggunakan Auslogics Disk Defragment

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<li><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Buka dulu aplikasi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.8pt;">“Auslogics Disk Defrag.  </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Tampilannya kurang lebih seperti berikut :</span></li>
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<li><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Cara melakukan Defrag adalah sebagai berikut, pertama lihat dibagian berikut : </span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1           <span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Misalnya, seperti gambar diatas, terdapat 2 drive dengan ukuran 39 GB dan 109 GB.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">       Catatan : hanya centang drive yang akan didefragmentasi (pada gambar diatas misalnya, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">       kedua drive dicentang, itu artinya keduanya akan didefragmentasi).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">            </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Kemudian Klik “Defragmentasi”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">           Terdapat tiga 4 pilihan</span></div>
<span style="color: #959595; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">           * Analisis : digunakan jika hanya untuk menganalisis, tidak melakukan defragment</span><span style="background-color: #202020; color: #959595; font-family: "courier" , monospace; font-size: 15px;"> </span><br />
<span style="color: #959595; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">           * </span><span style="color: #959595; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Defragmentasikan : pilih opsi berikut untuk defragmentasi secara normal</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">           * Defragmentasikan & Optimalkan : pilih opsi ini jika ingin mendapat hasil yg maksimal</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">  </span></span></div>
<span style="color: #959595; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span><span style="color: #959595; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">           * Defragmentasi Cepat</span><span style="color: #959595; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span><span style="color: #959595; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span><br />
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<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="a" style="left: 682px; top: 1524px; word-spacing: -1px;">Jika salah satu pilihan diatas sudah dipilih, maka proses akan berjalan</span><span class="a" style="left: 682px; top: 1641px; word-spacing: -2px;">Berikut adalah contoh proses yang berjalan ji<span class="w6"></span>ka memilih opsi</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="a" style="left: 2755px; letter-spacing: -1px; top: 1642px;">“Defragmentasikan”</span></span></li>
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<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="a" style="left: 818px; letter-spacing: -1px; top: 3670px;">Jeda</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="a" style="left: 991px; top: 3669px; word-spacing: -2px;"> : pilih untuk <span class="w6"></span>menunda sementara proses defragmentasi</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="a" style="left: 818px; top: 3788px; word-spacing: -2px;">Hentikan :</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="a" style="left: 1193px; top: 3787px; word-spacing: -3px;"> pilih untuk menghentikan pro<span class="w6"></span>ses defragmentasi</span></span></li>
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<span style="color: #959595; font-family: "courier" , monospace; font-size: x-small;"><span class="a" style="left: 1193px; top: 3787px; word-spacing: -3px;">Nah  demikian  Gan cara defragmentasi  dengan  menggunakan software Auslogics Disk Defrag . Terimkasih telah berkunjung :D </span></span><br />
<span style="color: #959595; font-family: "courier" , monospace; font-size: x-small;"><span class="a" style="left: 991px; top: 3669px; word-spacing: -2px;"> </span><span class="a" style="left: 818px; top: 3788px; word-spacing: -2px;"> </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Blog dadang kawan Kuliah semester 3 : <a href="https://teknikinformatika855.wordpress.com/">https://teknikinformatika855.wordpress.com/</a></span></div>
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Cara Menggunakan Auslogics Disk Defragment

Buka dulu aplikasi “Auslogics Disk Defrag. Tampilannya kurang lebih seperti berikut : Cara melakukan Defrag adalah sebagai...

Pengertian dan Fungsi Disk Defragmenter

ilmu komputer zakaria 0 16:38

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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0 , 0 , 8); font-weight: 700;">Pengertian dan Fungsi Disk Defragmenter</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0 , 0 , 8); font-weight: 700;">1.Pengertian Disk Defragmenter</span><br />
Disk defragmenter adalah suatu program yang berinduk pada sistem operasi komputer (OS) yang berguna untuk menyusun kembali file-file yg diperbaharui atau yang telah di install baik secara sengaja mahupun tidak sengaja. Jika anda membuka file apa pun itu maka secara automatik windows akan bekerja atau mengambil ruang secara automatik dalam penempatan space atau bagian partition dalam hardisk.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0 , 0 , 8); font-weight: 700;">2.Fungsi Disk Defragmenter</span><br />
Defragmenter mempunyai fungsi untuk menjaga kestabilan PC dan keadaan hardisk kerana defragmenter mampu mengelakkan / men fix kan boot sector dalam hardisk ataupun error program, jadi windows yang kita pakai sekarang ini sangat baik terhadap penggunanya dengan tools-tools yg berguna dalam menjaga hardware.</div>
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Windows tidak dapat menguruskan kembali file-file secara automatik (tanpa bantuan defragmenter) file yang telah di delete, di copy maupun dibuka. Maka dengan itu windows menyediakan recent documents (open file history) dan system restore point untuk mengulangi jika dalam proses defragmenting tidak dapat ditata kembali.</div>
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Disk defragmenter merupakan salah satu tools pembawaan windows, anda dapat menggunakannya untuk mengatur file-file di hardisk anda. Biasanya file-file di hardisk kita tidak beraturan mungkin kerana pengaruh sering instal program yg tidak selalu di guna, menutup aplikasi secara tidak normal (hang), copy dan menghapus atau memindahkan file, dan berbagai aktiviti managemen file lain. Oleh kerana file tersebut jika di andaikan lembaran-lembaran kertas, maka sebagian merupakan filel – file atau kertas kerja anda dirumah jika tidak di kemas selama 1 tahun atau jika tidak diatur ia akan berselerak di dalam almari atau meja anda. Demikian pula windows akan mengatur file sistem, file aplikasi, dan file data ke dalam lokasi-lokasi tertentu di dalam hardisk sehingga memudahkan windows mencari file-file yang diperlukan.</div>
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Pengertian dan Fungsi Disk Defragmenter

Pengertian dan Fungsi Disk Defragmenter 1.Pengertian Disk Defragmenter Disk defragmenter adalah suatu program yang berinduk pada...

Pengertian dbase

ilmu komputer zakaria 0 04:31

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<img alt="Hasil gambar untuk dbas" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /></div>
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<b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">1.1 </span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Sejaran Tentang dBase</span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">          Program dBaseIV merupakan salah satu paket program data base yang dibuat dan dikeluarkan oleh Asthon Tate merupakan pengembanagn dari dBase II, dBase III serta dBase III plus.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">         </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">          dBase IV merupakan data management system (DBMS), yang mengatur dan mengolah data. Memprosesan data elektronik artinya menyimpan, menghubungkan , memanipulasiserta memanggil data yang memiliki informasi sangat banyak dengan cara cepat dan efisien. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Anda memanggil dan menampilkan data berdasakan kreteria tertentu sesuai kemampuan.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">          dBase IV merupakan data dengan dBase IV akan lebih mudah dan cepat sekalipun data yang dimiliki sangan kompleks. Dengan tersedianya menu control center semua pemakai dari segala tingkat dapat mengoprasikannya.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">          Pengolahan dBase IV bisa dilakukan dengan 2 cara, yaitu menu dan perintah. Bagi pemakai yang sudah biasa dengan dBase atau data base, bekerja pada perintah. Sedangkan bagi pemula, bekerja pada layar control center lebih mudah.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">          Paket program dBase IV ‘copy-protected’ artinya dapat memuat aplikasi disket sebagai cadangan dan juga melakuan instalasi pada hardisk.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">1.2 </span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Sekilas Tentang dBase IV</span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Programming language atau bahasa program</span></b><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"> adalah suatu bahasa ataupun suatu tatacara yang dapat digunakan oleh manusia (programmer) untuk berkomunikasi</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">secara langsung dengan komputer. Jenis programming language sangatlah</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">banyak. </span><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Tetapi secara umum, pengertian programming language dapat dibagi</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">menjadi dua, yaitu Low Level Language dan High Level Language.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Low level language</span></b><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"> adalah suatu bahasa program atau suatu tatacara yang</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">dapat digunakan untuk berkomunikasi dengan komputer. Dalam hal ini tatacara</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">yang digunakan masih ber-orientasi dengan mesin, dikarenakan itu low level</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">langugae juga disebut sebagai bahasa mesin.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Untuk menggunakan bahasa ini, programmer harus menuliskan instruksi untuk</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">setiap instruksi secara jelas dan teliti. Setiap program dan data yang</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">ditulis, harus ditentukan pula address dimana data dan program akan</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">disimpan. Programmer juga harus mengetahui lokasi setiap indikator ataupun</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">register dan program untuk seluruh fungsinya.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Satu-satunya simbol yang tersedia untuk mengkomunikasikan tindakan yang</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">dilakukan dan meng-identifikasikan data adalah 0 dan 1. Instruksi yang ada</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">harus ditulis dalam urutan dan aturan dimana mereka harus ditmapilkan. Oleh</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">karena itu, apabila salah satu instruksi hilang karena terjadi</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">kesalahan/kekuarang telitian, seluruh instruksi harus dire-alokasi-kan</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">untuk membuat ruang guna menambahkan instruksi tersebut, dan ini berarti</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">pengubahan lokasi data.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Untuk mengatasi kesulitan tersebut, bahasa mesin kemudian dikembangkan</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">menjadi assembly language. Dengan adanya pengembangan ini, dimungkinkan</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">untuk menuliskan program dengan menggunakan kode instruksi dan label yang</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">mewakili lokasi penyimpanan dengan syarat komputer memiliki sarana untuk</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">menterjemahkan kedalam bahasa mesin.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Bahasa ini disebut sebagai assembly language dan program untuk</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">menterjemahkannya kedalam kode mesin disebut sebagai asembler. Pada umumnya</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">terdapat hubungan satu untuk satu antara masing-masing instruksi bahasa</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">assembly dengan instruksi kode mesin. Gambar disamping menunjukkan versi</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">asembly dari kode mesin.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Program yang ditulis oleh programmer dalam bahasa assembly disebut sebagai</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">source program Jika program ini kemudian diubah kedalam bahasa mesin,</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">disebut sebagai object program. Dengan adanya bahasa assembly ini,</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">programmer tidak perlu meng-alokasikan address secara khusus, dan ia cukup</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">memberikan nama atau label serta menginduksikan ukuran dan format yang</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">diperlukan. Assembler kemudian bertanggung jawab atas pengalokasian dan</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">penyimpanan.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Dengan menggunakan nama-nama simbolik untuk data dan kode-kode</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">pengoperasian, tugas programmer dibuat lebih mudah dari pada menggunakan</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">kode numeric bahasa mesin. Alokasi penyimpanan oleh assembler juga</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">memungkinkan progremmer membuat perubahan-perubahan, penambahan dan</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">penghilangan instruksi cenderung lebih mudah dan cenderung membuat</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">kesalahan yang lebih kecil. Karena masih berhubungan dengan bahasa mesin,</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">assembly sangat efisien dalam penggunaan fasilitas mesin.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Bahasa assembly adalah low level language, yakni lebih dekat dengan kode</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">mesin dari pada bahasa yang digunakan oleh manusia dalam kehidupan sehari-</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">hari. Karena masih berorientasi mesin, membutuhkan programmmer yang</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">memiliki pengetahuan mesin secara baik. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Transfer program bahasa mesin</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">kemesin untuk type berbeda sering sulit dan dalam beberapa kasus tidak</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">mungkin. Programmer masih harus mempelajari bahasa assembly untuk mesin</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">yang berbeda.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">High level language merupakan suatu bahasa program atau suatu tata cara</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">yang dapat digunakan untuk memberi perintah/instruksi kepada komputer. Tata</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">cara yang ada sangat mirip dengan tata cara yang digunakan oleh manusia</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">dalam berkomunikasi. Dengan demikian, high level language lebih mudah untuk</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">dipelajari. Semua kalimat, kata ataupun aturan yang ada didalam high level</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">language, juga merupakan kalimat ataupun kata ataupun aturan yang digunakan</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Karena jangkauan pemakai komputer adalah international, maka aturan ataupun</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">kalimat ataupun kata-kata dasar yang digunakan pada high level language,</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">kemudian disesuaikan dengan aturan-aturan dan kalimat yang ada dalam bahasa</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Inggris.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Jenis high level language cukup banyak, seperti misalnya BASIC, COBOL,</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">FORTRAN dan lain sebagainya. Sama halnya dengan tatacara yang terdapat</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">dalam bahasa assembly, penulisan program dalam high level language juga</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">harus diterjemahkan kedalam bahasa mesin sebelum proses dilakukan. Program</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">penterjemah disebuh compiler atau interpreter.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Setiap bahasa didalam high level language mempunyai aturan dan tata cara</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">sendiri-sendiri, demikian pula halnya dengan compiler ataupun interpreter</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">yang ada. Hal ini juga bisa disamakan dengan bahasa yang digunakan oleh</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">manusia, dimana antara satu bahasa dan bahasa lainnya tidaklah sama, dan</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">semuanya memiliki aturan dan tatacara sendiri-sendiri.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Untuk bahasa BASIC misalnya, susunan programnya selalu terdiri atas tiga</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">hal, yaitu line number, keyword dan body program. Dalam hal ini BASIC</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">merupakan singkatan dari Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code.</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Basic menjadi sangat populer karena dapat dibuat dengan cara yang ber-</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">struktur ataupun tidak, disamping itu, BASIC memiliki versi interpreter dan</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">versi compiler.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">BASIC menjadi populer seiring dengan hadirnya microcomputer, yaitu pada</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">akhir 70-an. Demikian populernya BASIC, sehingga banyak pabrik komputer PC</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">pada saat itu yang membuat BASIC dalam versi ROM (Read Only Memory)</span></div>
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<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">disamping versi interpreter ataupun compiler. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Sehingga pada saat komputer</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">dinyalakan, komputer tersebut langsung siap menjalankan BASIC. Belum ada</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">satu bahasa selain BASIC yang dibuat dalam pelbagai versi.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Selain keunggulan-keunggulan tersebut, BASIC juga sangat cocok digunakan</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">untuk pemula ataupun bagi programmer senior. BASIC juga cocok untuk</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">menyelesaikan masalah-masalah yang berkaitan dengan bisnis ataupun</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">persoalan scientific. Dengan adanya line number yang dimilinya, BASIC akan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">memproses program dari urutan yang kecil menuju keline number yang besar.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Tetapi dengan adanya instruksi GOTO, proses ini bisa dibelokkan keurutan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">lainnya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">dBASE Programming merupakan salah satu high level languge yang telah</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">dikembangkan sedemikian rupa secara specifik untuk microcomputer, sehingga</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">memungkinkan adanya penggunaan software secara minimum, tetapi pemakai</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">dapat dengan mudah dan cepat dapat menentukan, membangun dan kemudian meng-</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">access (memanggil kembali) file-file yang mereka miliki.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Dengan adanya hal ini, pemakai dapat dengan mudah mengolah dan membuat</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">laporan dari file mereka sendiri secara interaktif melalui keyboard dan</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">layar monitor ataupun printer. dBase juga menawarkan suatu penulisan dan</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">penyimpanan urutan-urutan tindakan, dan mengulanginya jika diperlukan.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Dengan kata lain, dBase adalah bahasa yang diinterpetasikan dan</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">menghasilkan kode intermediate.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Para pengguna komputer berbasis Windows, kini menggunakan bahasa</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">pemrograman berbasis objek Bahasa pemrograman yang ditawarkan dengan banyak</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">kemudahan ini, menggunakan kosa kata yang cantik, yakni Visual, sehingga</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">kita mengenal adanya Delphi milik Borland, Visual C++, Visual Basic, atau</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Oracle, PowerBuilder, Visual dBase, Visual Foxpro, untuk aplikasi database.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">1.3 </span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Kemampuan Yang Dimiliki</span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Dengan adanya perbaikan pada Dbase iv, berarti makin banyak kemampuan yang dimilikinya. </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Adapun tugas yang dapat dilakukan oleh dBASE IV antara lain:</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Membuat file database untuk menyimpan data.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Mengolah database dengan cepat dan mudah.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Menyusun isi file berdasarkan syarat tertentu.</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">· </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Membuat laporan dan mencetaknya ke printer, atau</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Menampilkannya pada layar monitor.</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">1.3.1 </span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Fasilitas Baru Pada dBase IV Versi I.I</span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Pada versi 1.1 dBASE IV dilengkapi dengan fasilitas baru serta kemampuan kerja yang lebih maksimal. Cakupannya antara lain:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Pemakaian memori.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Perbaikan tampilan dBASE IV.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Metode instalasi</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Pengoperasian perintah dari menu Organize.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Pembuatan indeks berdasarkan kondisi.</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">· </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Pengaturan ukuran kolom pada Query.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">· </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Mengurangi bataan pada perintah UDFS dan ON.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Pemakaian printer.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Perintah baru dalam dBase IV Versi 1.1</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Perbaikan pada SQL, dan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Pengendalian jendela memo.</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">1.3.2 </span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Pemakaian Memori</span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Memori untuk menjalankan dBASE IV Versi 1.1 adalah 450 Kbyte. Jumlah ini lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan memori yang tersita untuk menjalankan dBASE IV Versi 1.0 sebesar 516 Kbyte.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Memperbaiki tampilan dBASE IV.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Anda dapat memperbaiki tampilan dBASE IV dengan DBHEAD, BAK, DBIMP, atau TMP, gabungan dari Disk Cache dan pada Network dengan meyalin file ke Workstation.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">DBHEAD memodifikasi pemakaian memori untuk data. BAK untuk membuat file ke Backup dBASE IV, DBIMP atau PMP, gabungan dari Disk Cache dan pada Net Work dengan menyalin file ke Workstation.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">DBHEAP memodifikasi pemakaian memory untuk data. BAKuntuk membuat file back up dBase IV, DBIMP dan TMP untuk membuat file sementara. Gabungan Disk Cache mengatur Extended atau Expanded memory.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Sedangkan dapa network, proses perpindahan data atar file server dengan workstation lebih lambat disbanding dari workstation ke workstation. Untuk itu, salin beberapa file kesetiap workstation, sehingga tidak perlu pemindahan data.</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">1.4 </span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Elemen Dalam dBase</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">1.4.1 </span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">      Field</span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Setiap record terbentuk dari bagian kecil informasi, misal: nama atau kota yang disebut: FIELD.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">a. Pengisian Nama Field</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Ketik kolom Field Name dengan nama yang unik. Perlu diperhatikan bahwa dalam satu file database tidak boleh ada nama field yang sama. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Setelah pengetikan nama field selesai, tekan ENTER.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Ketentuan untuk memberikan nama pada field:</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">- Nama field harus selalu diisi,</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">- Lebar field sebanyak 10 karakter, boleh terdiri dari kombinasi huruf dan angka,</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">- Karakter pertama harus huruf,</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">- Pemakaian tanda baca, spasi, dan karakter tertentu lainnya tidak diperbolehkan.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">b. Jenis-jenis Field</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Jenis-jenis field terdiri dari:</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">- Character :</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">berisikan lebih dari 254 karakter ASCII atau digit.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">- Numeric           :</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">bisa berisi 1 sampai 20 angka, tanpa desimalnya.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">- Float</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">: berisikan 1 sampai 20 angka. Dipakai untuk kalkulasi.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">- Date :</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">menggunakan 8 digit yang mencakup tahun, bulan, dan tanggal.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">- Logical :</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">memerlukan 1 spasi untuk parameter True atau False.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">- Memo :</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">berisikan lebih dari 10 karakter. Digunakan untuk mengetik dokumen besar. </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Batasnya sesuai memori yang tersedia.</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">1.4.2 </span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Record</span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Dalam DataBase, setiap BARIS dari buku alamat disebut RECORD.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Menambah Record Baru</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Prosedur penambahan record di layar Browse atau layar edit adalah sama,</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">yaitu dengan prosedur berikut:</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">a. Aktifkan menu Record dengan menekan Alt+R,</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">b. Tekan A untuk menambah record baru. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Posisi kursor sekarang selang 1 baris dari field terakhir.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">c. Klik Record baru tersebut, jika sudah selesai akhiri dengan penekanan ENTER.</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">1.4.3 </span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">File</span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Struktur File dan Data</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Dalam pembuatan bank data, harus dibedakan dua elemen, yaitu strukturnya (buat record) dan data-datanya. Ciri-ciri setiap file dBase yaitu mempunyai keteraturan tertentu. Data-data yang dirangkum dan disimpan. </span><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Keteraturan membagi data-data pada elemen Informasi tunggal dan sama.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Membuat File</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Sebelum Anda memulai program dBase, Anda harus mengaktifkan atau membuat directory untuk tempat-tempat file Anda.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Contoh :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">MKDIR C:/LATIHAN</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Bila Anda tidak mengakitfkan directory untuk file-file yang akan dipakai nanti, maka Anda dapat mengguankan directory dari program yang dipanggil.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">dBase bila dot prompt tampak pada layar tekan (F2 Data) untuk menuju ke control. Setelah itu buat directory standar untuk mendapatkan file tersebut.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Contoh Record File :</span></b><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Field:                      Data</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Pengarang              Mark & Technik</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Judul                     DOS 3.3 untuk PC dan PS/2</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Tahun                    1989</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Halaman                 350</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">1.4.4 </span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Data Base</span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Kumpulan database dari suatu objek dinamakan DataBase. Objek ini bisa nyata bisa abstak. Contoh objek nyata adalah: data pemilik, data inventory, atau invoice. Sedangkan contoh objek abstrak ialah merek dagang.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">DataBase melakukan pengelompokan atau organisasi data dengan tujuan pemberian indeks pada kartu, atau pemberian nomor halaman buku. Dengan demikian mempermudah pencarian informasi tertentu.</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Secara singkat, DataBase dapat digunakan untuk:</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">- Mengelompokkan data berdasarkan jenis</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">- Menyimpan informasi untuk berbagai keperluan.</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">1.4.5 </span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Menggunakan Fungsi Round</span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">SELECT ROUND (45923 , 2) , ROUND (45923, 0) , SELECT ROUND (45.923, 2),</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">ROUND (45.923, 0),</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">ROUND(45923, -1) , ROUND(45923, -2) ROUND (45.923, -1), ROUND (45.923, -2)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">FROM DARI</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">DUAL ; DUAL;</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">ROUND(45923,2) ROUND(45923,0) ROUND(45923,-1) ROUND(45923,-2) ROUND</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">(45923,2) Round (45923,0) ROUND (45.923, -1) ROUND (45.923, -2)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">45923 45923</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">45923 45923</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">45920 45920</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">45900 45900</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">1.4.6 </span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Fungsi Round</span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">The Round fungsi putaran kolom. Ekspresi, atau nilai desimal ke n tempat. Jika argumen kedua adalah 0 atau tidak ada, maka nilai dibulatkan ke nol desimal. Jika argumen kedua adalah 2, nilai tersebut dibulatkan menjadi dua desimal. Sebaliknya, jika argumen kedua adalah -2, nilai tersebut dibulatkan dua tempat desimal ke kiri.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">The Round fungsi dapat juga digunakan fungsi tanggal anda akan melihat contoh kemudian dalam pelajaran ini.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">The DUAL is a dummy table. The DUAL adalah dummy tabel.</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">1.4.7 </span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Menggunakan Fungsi Trim</span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">ALLTRIM() ALLTRIM ()</span></b><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Returns a string value with both leading and trailing spaces Mengembalikan nilai string dengan kedua memimpin dan spasi</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">from <>. dari .</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Return type: String Kembali type: String</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Contoh      :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">“[“+ALLTRIM(? This is a test “)+”]” "[" + ALLTRIM ( "Ini adalah ujian")+"]"</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">returns [This is a test]. kembali [Ini adalah ujian]</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">1.4.8 </span></b><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Operator-operator Pada dBase IV</span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" style="border: 0px; height: inherit; max-width: 100%;" width="11" /></span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Operator Aritmatika, untuk menghitung.</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: none; margin-left: 78pt;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 14.35pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 14.35pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Operator</span></div>
</td><td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 14.35pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Keterangan</span></div>
</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">+</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Penambahan</span></div>
</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">-</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Pengurangan</span></div>
</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">*</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Pengkalian</span></div>
</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">/</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Pembagian</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">** atau ^</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Eksponensial</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 74.25pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" style="border: 0px; height: inherit; max-width: 100%;" width="11" /></span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Operator Persamaan, untuk menentukan pilihan</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: none; margin-left: 66pt;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 14.35pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 14.35pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Operator</span></div>
</td><td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 14.35pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Keterangan</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"><</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Kurang dari</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Lebih dari</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">=</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Sama</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">< > atau #</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Tidak sama</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">< =</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Lebih kecil atau sama</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">> =</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Lebih besar atau sama</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">$</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Persamaan karakter</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0in 74.25pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" style="border: 0px; height: inherit; max-width: 100%;" width="11" /></span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Operator Logika untuk kondisi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1.5in; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Operator Syarat kebenaran</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: none; margin-left: 64.5pt;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 14.35pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 14.35pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Operator</span></div>
</td><td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 14.35pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Keterangan</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">.AND.</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Penambahan</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">.OR.</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Pengurangan</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">.NOT.</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Pengkalian</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; text-indent: 4.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Operator Keterangan</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: none; margin-left: 64.5pt;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 14.35pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 14.35pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Operator</span></div>
</td><td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 14.35pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Keterangan</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">+</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;">Mengumpulkan sekumpulan karter dengan memprhatikan spasi</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe Print"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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